How does the "vulnerability-stress model" explain the onset of depression?

The vulnerability-stress model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the onset of depression by positing that both a person's predisposition and external stressors are integral to the development of depressive symptoms. This model suggests that individuals may have varying levels of vulnerability to depression based on genetic, biological, or psychological factors. However, the mere presence of these vulnerabilities is often not sufficient to trigger depression; a stressor, such as a traumatic event, loss, or significant life change, typically needs to occur to precipitate the condition.

This dual emphasis on both intrinsic factors (such as genetic predisposition or personality traits) and extrinsic factors (like stressful life events) reflects the complexity of depression as a mental health disorder. By acknowledging the interplay between internal vulnerabilities and external stressors, the vulnerability-stress model offers a more nuanced understanding of how depression can emerge, emphasizing that treatment approaches may need to address both aspects: enhancing personal resilience while also providing support in managing stressors.

In contrast, the other options do not capture this holistic view. Limiting understanding solely to genetics overlooks the significant role of environmental factors in mental health. Requiring major life events to trigger depression may oversimplify the interplay of stress and vulnerability, as some individuals might experience depression without severe stress