What are compulsions in the context of OCD?

Compulsions, in the context of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), refer to repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rigid rules that must be applied. These actions are typically intended to prevent a feared outcome or alleviate the distress associated with obsessive thoughts.

Individuals with OCD often experience intrusive, unwanted thoughts (known as obsessions), which can lead to significant anxiety. To mitigate this anxiety, they engage in compulsive behaviors, such as washing their hands multiple times, checking things repeatedly, or counting. These compulsions are not inherently enjoyable and may often provide only temporary relief from the anxiety, reinforcing the cycle of obsession and compulsion.

The other options focus on different aspects of psychological conditions. Distressing thoughts are indeed part of OCD but describe obsessions rather than compulsions. Intense sadness and social withdrawal pertain more to mood disorders or other anxiety conditions rather than the specific characteristics of compulsions in OCD. Therefore, the emphasis on the repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing anxiety makes the correct answer clear.