What criterion must be met for the diagnosis of a mood disorder in the DSM-5?

For the diagnosis of a mood disorder in the DSM-5, the key criterion that must be met is that symptoms cause significant distress or impairment. This criterion emphasizes the impact that the mood symptoms have on an individual’s ability to function effectively in daily life.

When assessing mood disorders, clinicians look for indications that the symptoms not only exist but also lead to substantial difficulties in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. This could manifest as disruptions in relationships, work performance, or overall capacity to engage in normal activities. The focus on distress and impairment reflects the importance of the individual's subjective experience as well as the observable consequences of their mental state.

While duration, observation by others, and potential medical causes can be relevant in the diagnostic process, they are not fundamental criteria specifically for mood disorders. For example, some mood disorders might not require observable symptoms by a third party, and while a known medical condition could contribute to mood symptoms, it is not a prerequisite for the diagnosis itself. Similarly, the timeline for symptoms may vary, but the core emphasis remains on the significant functional and emotional impact experienced by the individual.