What defines Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both. Obsessions are defined as intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individuals feel driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules. The enduring nature of these obsessions and compulsions leads to considerable impairment in daily functioning and is a hallmark of OCD.

The presence of both obsessions and compulsions distinguishes OCD from other anxiety disorders. In diagnosing OCD, it is essential that the obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (taking more than an hour per day) or result in significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. This comprehensive understanding is critical in differentiating OCD from conditions that may involve anxiety but do not meet the specific criteria that define OCD.