What differentiates a manic episode from a hypomanic episode?

A manic episode is characterized by a more severe set of symptoms compared to a hypomanic episode, which is why the severity and duration of symptoms is the key differentiator between the two. In a manic episode, individuals experience elevated mood, increased activity, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior that can lead to significant functional impairment or distress. The duration of these symptoms needs to last at least a week for a manic episode, and they often necessitate hospitalization or have psychotic features.

In contrast, a hypomanic episode entails a similar but less severe experience, lasting at least four consecutive days. While the symptoms might still involve elevated mood and heightened energy, they do not result in the same degree of functional impairment or require hospitalization. The absence of significant disruption to daily life is a hallmark of hypomania, allowing individuals to continue with their professional and personal responsibilities more effectively than during a mania episode.

This understanding of symptom severity and duration forms the basis for differentiating between manic and hypomanic episodes, making it central to the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders.