What has been identified as a potential etiology for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Irregularities in brain structure and elevated serotonin have been identified as potential etiological factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research has shown that individuals with ASD often exhibit differences in brain anatomy, including alterations in the size and connectivity of certain brain regions related to social behavior, communication, and emotional regulation. These brain structure irregularities could contribute to the core symptoms of ASD, such as difficulties in social interactions and communication.

Elevated serotonin levels have been implicated in some studies as well. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter linked to mood, behavior, and social functioning. Elevated serotonin levels in certain populations with ASD may be indicative of underlying neurobiological processes that influence the disorder’s manifestation.

In contrast, while exposure to heavy metals, viral infections during pregnancy, and the absence of social interaction during early childhood have been discussed in various studies, they have not been established as direct or consistent etiological factors for ASD. Heavy metals may pose risks for other health issues, and viral infections have been hypothesized to contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders in general, but evidence linking them specifically to ASD is less definitive. Similarly, the absence of social interaction can significantly affect development and functioning, but it is not recognized as a primary cause of the neurodevelopmental differences