Which condition involves a preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism?

The condition characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism is indeed Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Individuals with OCD often experience intrusive thoughts and engage in compulsive behaviors as a means of managing anxiety that arises from their obsessions, which may frequently focus on themes of organization, cleanliness, and the need for things to be done perfectly. This relentless pursuit of order and perfection can significantly interfere with their daily life and functioning.

In addition, it's important to note that this perfectionism is not just a personality trait but rather a core feature of the disorder. For those diagnosed with OCD, the need for order and control can be overwhelming, leading to rituals and compulsions that take extensive time and effort to complete. This distinguishes OCD from other conditions, where perfectionism or order may not be as central or manifest as such extreme behaviors.